From a distance, the size of golden eagles can lead to confusion with some smaller, medium-sized species of hawks. This majestic bird of prey is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, typically inhabiting open, mountainous regions. The golden eagle’s range covers major wilderness areas in temperate climate zones, stretching north into the steppe and boreal zones and south into the Mediterranean zone.
Occasionally, golden eagles are found in lowland forests and wetlands, but these habitats are usually dominated by the imperial eagle (
Aquila heliaca). In North America, golden eagles are prevalent from Alaska to Mexico, predominantly on the western side of the continent, and extending east across Canada, between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes to Nova Scotia. They prefer open areas with plenty of space for hunting, such as grasslands, shrublands, and deserts.
A similar and closely related species, Verreaux’s eagle (
Aquila verreauxii), replaces the golden eagle in southern and eastern Africa. This species is slightly larger and has much darker plumage, earning it the nickname "black eagle." Verreaux’s eagle is primarily found in mountainous and rocky regions, where it preys on hyraxes and other small mammals.
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of conserving these magnificent birds due to habitat loss and human activities. Golden eagles face threats from wind turbines, power lines, and habitat encroachment. Conservation efforts, including tracking programs and habitat protection, are crucial to ensure the survival of these apex predators. As flagship species, golden eagles play a vital role in their ecosystems, and their preservation benefits a wide array of other wildlife. Understanding and mitigating the challenges they face is essential for maintaining the biodiversity of the regions they inhabit.
Golden Eagles: Habitat, Range, and Conservation Challenges
